A. định hướng cần nắm
I. KHÁI NIỆM
1. Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại tiếng nói trực tiếp. Bạn đang xem: Câu trực tiếp gián tiếp nâng cao
+ khẩu ca trực tiếp (direct speech): là biểu đạt lại đúng chính xác điều ai đó đã nói (còn hotline là trích dẫn). Vẻ ngoài của câu lời nói trực tiếp sẽ được đặt trong lốt noặc kép.
Ví dụ: She said ” He is so handsome”. Theo đó, câu "He is so handsome" là tiếng nói trực tiếp hay câu trực tiếp
+ khẩu ca gián tiếp – câu trần thuật (indirect speech): Là tường thuật lại lời đang nói của một người khác dưới dạng loại gián tiếp, không cần sử dụng dấu ngoặc kép.
Ví dụ: Lylys said, ”I want to lớn go home” -> Lylys said she wanted to go trang chủ là câu loại gián tiếp (indirect speech)
Khi chúng ta sử dụng câu gián tiếp, bọn họ thường nói tới quá khứ, bởi vì vậy dạng tự của hễ từ vào câu cũng khá được chia nghỉ ngơi quá khứ.
2. Các loại câu tường thuật phổ biến trong giờ đồng hồ Anh
2.1. Câu tường thuật làm việc dạng câu kể
S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V |
+ says/say to + O -> tells/tell + O
+ said to lớn + O ->told+O
Eg: He said to lớn me”I haven’t finished my work” -> He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
2.2. Câu tường thuật sống dạng câu hỏi
a. Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/wether+S+V |
Ex: ”Are you angry?”he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry.
b. Wh-questions:
S + asked(+O)/wanted to lớn know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V. |
* says/say khổng lồ + O -> asks/ask + O
* said khổng lồ + O -> asked + O.
Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher. -> The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
II. CÁCH CHUYỂN CÂU TRỰC TIẾP thanh lịch CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khá 1-1 giản, bọn họ chỉ buộc phải ghép câu chữ tường thuật nghỉ ngơi phía sau câu nói và hạ hễ từ của nó xuống một cấp cho quá khứ, đại từ bỏ được biến đổi cho phù hợp. Mặc dù nhiên, cần xem xét một số vấn đề sau:
+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) phân tách ở những thì hiện tại tại chúng ta giữ nguyên thì (tense) của đụng từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và hướng dẫn và những trạng từ chỉ khu vực chốn cũng như trạng trường đoản cú chỉ thời hạn trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang con gián tiếp.Ví dụ:- He says: “I’m going to lớn Ha Noi next week.”
⇒ He says he is going khổng lồ Ha Noi next week.
+ Nếu đụng từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì thừa khứ thì phải lùi rượu cồn từ bao gồm về thừa khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ tiếng nói trực tiếp (direct speech) sang lời nói gián tiếp (indirect / reported speech) theo phép tắc sau:
* chuyển đổi thì của động từ và hễ từ khuyết thiếu hụt theo bảng sau:
Câu trực tiếp | Câu loại gián tiếp |
Present simple | Past simple |
Present continuous | Past continuous |
Present perfect | Past perfect |
Past simple | Past perfect |
Present perfect continuous | Past perfect continuous |
Past continuous | Past perfect continuous |
will | would |
can | could |
must/ have to | had to |
may | might |
* chuyển đổi đại từ và những từ hạn định theo bảng sau:
Câu trực tiếp | Câu gián tiếp | |
Chủ ngữ | I | he/ she |
You | I/ We/ They | |
We | We/ They | |
Tân ngữ | me | him/ her |
you | me/ us/ them | |
us | us/ them | |
Đại tự sở hữu | my | his/ her |
your | my/ our/ their | |
our | our/ their | |
Đại từ bỏ sở hữu | mine | his/ hers |
yours | mine/ ours/ theirs | |
ours | ours/ theirs | |
Đại từ bỏ chỉ định | this | the/ that |
these | the/ those |
* biến hóa trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau:
Câu trực tiếp | Câu loại gián tiếp |
here | there |
now | then/ at that moment |
today/ tonight | that day/ that night |
tomorrow | the next day |
next week | the following week |
yesterday | the previous daythe day before |
last week | the week before |
ago | before |
NOTE: Khi chuyển động từ các bạn chỉ buộc phải nhớ lấy đụng từ gần công ty ngữ nhất giảm đi 1 cột tức là:
+ Động từ ngơi nghỉ cột 1 thì giảm sút cột 2, ( nhớ thêm ed khi chưa phải là đông từ bỏ bất quy tắc)
+ Động từ cột 2 thì bớt thành cột 3
+ Động tự cột 3 thêm had phía trước
Tuy nhiên, cần để ý một số trường hợp dưới đây không giảm thì đụng từ:
+ nói tới chân lý, sự thật.
+ Thì vượt khứ hoàn thành.
+ vào câu tất cả năm xác định.
Các câu có kết cấu sau: if only, as if, as though, wish, would rather, it’s high time, IF loại 2, 3 .
B. Bài tập
I. Xong xuôi các câu trong bài xích câu tường thuật.
1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.
She asked............................................. ......................
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.
Martin asked us................................................ ...................
3. He asked, "Do I have to vày it?"
He asked............................................. ......................
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter.......................................... .........................
5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend......................................... ..........................
6. "What are they doing?" she asked.
She wanted to lớn know.............................................. .....................
7. "Are you going khổng lồ the cinema?" he asked me.
He wanted khổng lồ know.............................................. .....................
8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
The teacher wanted khổng lồ know.............................................. .....................
9. "How do you know that?" she asked me.
She asked me................................................ ...................
10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.
My friend asked me................................................ ...................
Đáp án
1. She asked where her umbrella was.
2. Martin asked us how we were.
3. He asked if he had to bởi it.
4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been.
5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best.
6. She wanted lớn know what they were doing.
7. He wanted to know if I was going khổng lồ the cinema.
8. The teacher wanted lớn know who spoke English.
9. She asked me how I knew that.
10. My friend asked me if Caron had talked to lớn Kevin.
II. Viết lại những câu sau sử dụng cách nói con gián tiếp.
1. “Open the door,” he said khổng lồ them.
- He told them...................................................................
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
- He asked her where.........................................................
3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.
- He asked... ......................................................................
4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said lớn her.
- I told... ............................................................................
5. “Don’t try to xuất hiện it now,” she said lớn us.
- She told... ........................................................................
6. “Is it going lớn be a fine day today?” I asked her.
- I asked her... ....................................................................
7. “He’s not at home”, she said.
- She said that... .................................................................
8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.
- The girl wanted khổng lồ know... ..............................................
9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said.
- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................
10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said lớn her.
- He asked... ........................................................................
11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.
- Thomas asked Jean.....
12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said.
- I told Mary.... ...................................................................
13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said.
She said that...
14. “I’ll pay him if I can” she said.
- She said that... ...................................................................
15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.
- She asked us.... ...................................................................
16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack.
- He told Jack that.... .............................................................
17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.
- Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................
18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said.
- He said that.... ...................................................................
19. “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said lớn us.
- He told us.... ...................................................................
20. “How long are you going khổng lồ stay?” I asked him.
- I asked him how long....
21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.
- She wanted lớn know.... ..................................................
22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us.
- She asked us.... ..............................................................
23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to lớn me.
- She invited me.... ............................................................
24. “Don’t vì chưng it again,” she said lớn them.
She told them..................................................................
25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes khổng lồ you?” she asked.
- She asked.......................................................................
26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said.
- She told..........................................................................
27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
- Mary asked.......................................................................
28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.
- Peter asked if .......................................................................
29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
- The office manager wondered............................................................
30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.
- John advised Elizabeth........................................................................
31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.
- John accused.......................................................................................
32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.
- Mary accused......................................................................................
33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to lớn Mrs. Bingley.
- The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley...............................................................
34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said.
- The doctor advised................................................................................
35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to lớn himself.
- Tim wondered.......................................................................................
36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to lớn Susan.
- Paul apologized.....................................................................................
37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.
- Martha asked Peter when.....................................................................
38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna khổng lồ her mother.
- Anna asked............................................................................................
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39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said.
- William’s mother told..........................................................................
40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to lớn her son.
- Mrs. Rogers told....... .............................................................................
41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George.
- George said............................................................................................
42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car.
- Martin apologized..................................................................................
43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
- The landlady asked................................................................................
44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary.
- Mary asked............................................................................................
45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.
- The notice said that..............................................................................
46. “Where is the best place lớn buy souvenirs?”
- I asked..................................................................................................
47. “Don’t forget lớn bring your passport with you tomorrow”
- She reminded me ................................................................................
48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to lớn the boys.
- The teacher told the boys………………………………………..........
49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
- The interviewer asked ...........................................................................
50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to lớn the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness.
- The officer wanted to lớn know...................................................................
Đáp án
1. He told them to xuất hiện the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. He asked me which way they had gone.
4. I told her khổng lồ bring it back if it didn’t fit.
5. She told us not lớn try to open it then.
6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to lớn be a fine day that day.
7. She said that he was not at home.
8. The girl wanted to lớn know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.
10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.
11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.
12. I told Mary not lớn leave the window open.
13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.
14. She said that she would pay him if she could.
15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.
16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.
18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
19. He told us not khổng lồ keep the door locked.
20. I asked him how long he was going to lớn stay.
21. She wanted to lớn know whether I was going by train.
22. She asked us not to use too much hot water.
23. She invited me to come khổng lồ her party.
24. She told them not to bởi vì it again.
25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes khổng lồ me.
26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.
27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.
28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.
29. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before.
30. John advised Elizabeth not khổng lồ lend him any more money.
31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.
32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.
33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.
34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise.
35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.
36. Paul apologized lớn Susan for giving her the wrong number.
37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.
39. William’s mother told him not lớn leave the house until she got back.
40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails.
41. George said khổng lồ Mary that he had seen the film three times.
42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car.
43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch.
44. Mary asked John not to lớn tell anyone her new address.
45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
46. I asked where the best place lớn buy souvenirs was.
47. She reminded me lớn bring my passport with me the following day.
48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall.
49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.
50. The officer wanted lớn know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident khổng lồ the police.
III. Kết thúc các câu trong bài bác câu tường thuật. Chú ý sự biến hóa của đại từ và những thì.
1. "What"s the time?" he asked.
→ He wanted to know .................................................. .
2. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
3. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.
→ She asked him .................................................. .
4. "Where did they live?" he asked.
→ He wanted lớn know .................................................. .
5. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
6. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
7. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.
→ The teacher wanted to lớn know .................................................. .
8. "Why don"t you help me?" she asked him.
→ She wanted to know .................................................. .
9. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.
→ He asked me .................................................. .
10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.
→ The mother asked the twins .................................................. .
Đáp án
1. He wanted to know what the time was.
2. She asked me when we would meet again.
3. She asked him if he was crazy.
4. He wanted lớn know where they had lived.
5. He asked her if she would be at the party.
6. She asked me if I could meet her at the station.
7. The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer.
8. She wanted to lớn know why he didn"t help her.
9. He asked me if I had seen that car.
10. The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room.
IV. Bài xích tập câu tường thuật requets (positive)
1. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.
→ The teacher told Joe .................................................. .
2. "Be patient," she said lớn him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
3. "Go to your room," her father said lớn her.
→ Her father told her .................................................. .
4. "Hurry up," she said to us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
5. "Give me the key," he told her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
6. "Play it again, Sam," she said.
→ She asked Sam .................................................. .
7. "Sit down, Caron" he said.
→ He asked Caron .................................................. .
8. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.
→ The receptionist asked the guest .................................................. .